Register      Login
Microbiology Australia Microbiology Australia Society
Microbiology Australia, bringing Microbiologists together
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Public health impacts of culture independent diagnostic testing in Australia

Fiona J May
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

Metro North Public Health Unit
Queensland Health
Windsor, Qld, Australia
Tel: +61 7 3624 1212
Email: Fiona.May@health.qld.gov.au

Microbiology Australia 38(4) 162-164 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA17058
Published: 9 November 2017

Abstract

Culture independent diagnostic tests (CIDT) for detection of pathogens in clinical specimens have become widely adopted in Australian pathology laboratories. Pathology laboratories are the primary source of notification of pathogens to state and territory surveillance systems. Monitoring and analysis of surveillance data is integral to guiding public health actions to reduce the incidence of disease and respond to outbreaks. As with any change in testing protocol, the advantages and disadvantages of the change from culture based testing to culture independent testing need to be weighed up and the impact on surveillance and outbreak detection assessed. This article discusses the effect of this change in testing on surveillance and public health management of pathogens in Australia, with specific focus on gastrointestinal pathogens.


References

[1]  Janda, J.M. and Abbott, S.A. (2014) Culture-independent diagnostic testing: have we opened Pandora’s box for good? Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 80, 171–176.
Culture-independent diagnostic testing: have we opened Pandora’s box for good?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[2]  Jones, T.F. and Gerner-Smidt, P. (2012) Nonculture diagnostic tests for enteric diseases. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 18, 513–514.
Nonculture diagnostic tests for enteric diseases.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[3]  OzFoodNet Working Group (2015) Monitoring the incidence and causes of diseases potentially transmitted by food in Australia: annual report of the OzFoodNet network, 2011. Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep. 39, E236–E264.

[4]  Atkinson, R. et al. (2013) A challenge and an opportunity to improve patient management and public health surveillance for food-borne infections through culture-independent diagnostics. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51, 2479–2482.
A challenge and an opportunity to improve patient management and public health surveillance for food-borne infections through culture-independent diagnostics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[5]  Langley, G. et al. (2015) Effect of culture-independent diagnostic tests on future emerging infections program surveillance. Emerg. Infect. Dis. J. 21, 1582.
| 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXivVCksQ%3D%3D&md5=4ed046f434dcaefa0a34544743c91d14CAS |

[6]  Cronquist, A.B. et al. (2012) Impacts of culture-independent diagnostic practices on public health surveillance for bacterial enteric pathogens. Clin. Infect. Dis. 54, S432–S439.
Impacts of culture-independent diagnostic practices on public health surveillance for bacterial enteric pathogens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[7]  Van Lint, P. et al. (2015) Evaluation of a real-time multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp./EIEC, and Yersinia enterocolitica in fecal samples. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 34, 535–542.
Evaluation of a real-time multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp./EIEC, and Yersinia enterocolitica in fecal samples.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhvVent7nO&md5=5095aa9c7e33ec83b1c4067754c27161CAS |

[8]  Bessède, E. et al. (2011) New methods for detection of Campylobacters in stool samples in comparison to culture. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49, 941–944.
New methods for detection of Campylobacters in stool samples in comparison to culture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[9]  Lan, R. and Reeves, P.R. (2002) Escherichia coli in disguise: molecular origins of Shigella. Microbes Infect. 4, 1125–1132.
Escherichia coli in disguise: molecular origins of Shigella.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsVansb0%3D&md5=6b82d78d771c0a67322d351a8a36a4e0CAS |

[10]  Sethabutr, O. et al. (1993) Detection of Shigellae and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by amplification of the invasion plasmid antigen H DNA sequence in patients with dysentery. J. Infect. Dis. 167, 458–461.
Detection of Shigellae and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by amplification of the invasion plasmid antigen H DNA sequence in patients with dysentery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7jt1Cjsw%3D%3D&md5=e9c4fe009bfa0c82cad128d97e7e9e08CAS |

[11]  Thiem, V.D. et al. (2004) Detection of Shigella by a PCR assay targeting the ipaH gene suggests increased prevalence of shigellosis in Nha Trang, Vietnam. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 2031–2035.
Detection of Shigella by a PCR assay targeting the ipaH gene suggests increased prevalence of shigellosis in Nha Trang, Vietnam.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkvFOjtrw%3D&md5=0edd3fbac551174de1b7a606c9280c23CAS |

[12]  Dutta, S. et al. (2001) Sensitivity and performance characteristics of a direct PCR with stool samples in comparison to conventional techniques for diagnosis of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection in children with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. J. Med. Microbiol. 50, 667–674.
Sensitivity and performance characteristics of a direct PCR with stool samples in comparison to conventional techniques for diagnosis of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection in children with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvVGqu7Y%3D&md5=416e3677ae602c45132ce435808dd791CAS |

[13]  Escher, M. et al. (2014) A severe foodborne outbreak of diarrhoea linked to a canteen in Italy caused by enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, an uncommon agent. Epidemiol. Infect. 142, 2559–2566.
A severe foodborne outbreak of diarrhoea linked to a canteen in Italy caused by enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, an uncommon agent.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2cvlslWrsA%3D%3D&md5=b3d876f42a9252b4d83fc85f38cf6e15CAS |

[14]  Svenungsson, B. et al. (2000) Enteropathogens in adult patients with diarrhea and healthy control subjects: a 1-year prospective study in a Swedish clinic for infectious diseases. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30, 770–778.
Enteropathogens in adult patients with diarrhea and healthy control subjects: a 1-year prospective study in a Swedish clinic for infectious diseases.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvgtFSqsQ%3D%3D&md5=201d2e90a109438da2e46e44322b8ee9CAS |

[15]  Tai, A.Y. et al. (2016) A review of the public health management of shigellosis in Australia in the era of culture-independent diagnostic testing. Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health 40, 588–591.
A review of the public health management of shigellosis in Australia in the era of culture-independent diagnostic testing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[16]  May, F.J. et al. (2017) The effects of culture independent diagnostic testing on the diagnosis and reporting of enteric bacterial pathogens in Queensland, 2010 to 2014. Commun. Dis. Intell. , .